Francisco Cereceda-Balic(a), Mario Toledo(a), Fabian Guerrero(a), Victor Vidal(a), Luis A. Diaz-Robles(c), Ximena Petit-Breuilh(c), Magin Lapuerta,
(a) Environmental Chemistry Laboratory (LQA), Center for Environmental Technologies (CETAM), Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María. Valparaiso, Chile. Department of Chemistry, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Av. España 1680, Valparaiso, Chile.
(b) Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Av. España 1680, Valparaíso, Chile; Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Chile.
(c) Núcleo de Energías Renovables, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Chile.
(d) E.T.S. Ingenieros Industriales, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, 13001, Spain.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
Volumen: 584 Páginas: 901-910
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.01.136
Fecha de Publicación: 08 de Febrero de 2017
Abstract
The objective of this research was to determine emission factors (EF) for particulate matter (PM2.5), combustion gases and particle size distribution generated by the combustion of Eucalyptus globulus (EG), Nothofagus obliqua (NO), both hardwoods, and Pinus radiata (PR), softwood, using a controlled combustion chamber (3CE). Additionally, the contribution of the different emissions stages associated with the combustion of these wood samples was also determined. Combustion experiments were performed using shaving size dried wood (0% humidity). The emission samples were collected with a tedlar bag and sampling cartridges containing quartz fiber filters. High reproducibility was achieved between experiment repetitions (CV<10%, n=3). The EF for PM2.5 was 1.06gkg-1 for EG, 1.33gkg-1 for NO, and 0.84gkg-1 for PR. Using a laser aerosol spectrometer (0.25-34μm), the contribution of particle emissions (PM2.5) in each stage of emission process (SEP) was sampled in real time. Particle size of 0.265μm were predominant during all stages, and the percentages emitted were PR (33%), EG (29%), and NO (21%). The distributions of EF for PM2.5 in pre-ignition, flame and smoldering stage varied from predominance of the flame stage for PR (77%) to predominance of the smoldering stage for NO (60%). These results prove that flame phase is not the only stage contributing to emissions and on the contrary, pre-ignition and in especial post-combustion smoldering have also very significant contributions. This demonstrates that particle concentrations measured only in stationary state during flame stage may cause underestimation of emissions.